潜孔冲击器的使用与维护

潜孔冲击器的使用与维护

Operation and Maintenance

概述 Summary’
高风压冲击器是一种冲击凿岩工具,但与其它凿岩工具不同的是,凿岩过程中它始终留在孔的底部,活塞直接冲击钻头。压缩气体经过钻杆进入冲击器而后从钻头排出,排出的废气被用来排渣。冲击器的回转运动由回转头提供,轴推力由推进器提供,通过钻杆传递到冲击器上。

The high air pressure DTH hammer is designed as DTH rock driling tool.it difers from other drlling toots in the way that this kind of

hammeialways stay in the bottom of the hole during operation, while the piston punches down directly against the driling bit., compresed air is led tthe DTH hammer through drill tube. Exhaustair is discharged through hole in drill bit and used to flush out the cuttings to clean dril hole .Rotation is delivered from a rotation unit and feed force from the feed is transferred to the DTH hammer via drill tube
结构原理 Technical Description2
潜孔冲击器是这样组成的,活塞、气缸、进气座、逆止阀和钻头附件等安装在细长的外套管内,外套管上端装有带扳手口和联接螺纹的后接头,下端装有题接螺纹的前接头。前接头主要用于向钻头传递推进力和回转运动。保持环控制钻头的轴向运动,而逆止阀是当停止供应压气时,用来防止岩渣等杂物进入冲击器。钻进过程中,钻头被推进冲击器,并压在前接头上,此时活塞直接冲击钻头进行凿岩。当钻头提离孔底时,开始强吹。

DTH hammer comprises a narrow elongated external cylinder which contains a pistor1.an internal cylinder and air distributor and check valveThe top sub with a spanner slot and coupling thread is fitted to the top side ofthe external cylinder. The bottom part, the drive chuck, also withthread, encloses the dril bit and transfers feed force as well as rotation to the dril bit, A stop ring limits axial movements of drill bit. Thepurpose of check valve is to prevent impurities from geting into the DTH hammer when operating pressure is shut of. During driling,the drilbit is pushed into the DTH hammer and pressed against the impact surface of the bit, When the bit loses contact with the bottom of the holeair is blown down strongly.
使用与维护 Operation and Maintenance

1.因为冲击器的后接头和前接头都是右旋螺纹,所以钻进工作过程中,应始终保持冲击器右回旋。

The drive chuck and top sub are threaded into the cylinder with right hand threads. The hammer must be always operated with right handrotation.
2.开孔时,应采用最小的冲击和推进力,使钻头平稳地进入岩层

While starting drilling, use the impact and feed force, let the bit work its way slightly.

3.推进力和钻具重量匹配是很重要的,推进器的推力必须随钻具重量的变化而变化。

it is important that the feed force is in accordance with weight ofthe drillstrings, The force from the feed motor needs to be adjusted duringdrilling, depending on the variable weight of drilling string
4.冲击器通常采用的回转速度为15-45rpm,转速越快,凿岩也就越快,但在坚硬岩石中,转速应减小,以便保证钻头不过分磨损

The normal rotation speed for DTH hammer lies between 15-45 rpm, Faster rotation means faster driling. However, in highly abrasive rockrotation speed should be reduced to avoid excessive wear of the drill bit.

5.因为堵块和空穴都可能导致卡钻,因此应定期提起冲击器强吹,定期清洗孔底。

Clogged or cave-in ofthe hole, can lead to drillstuck,it is important to regularly clean the hole intervals by carying out strong air blowing
with DTH hammer.
06.在接杆过程中,岩渣和各种杂质会掉进冲击器中,因此必须盖好钻杆螺纹端部,确保钻杆不粘岩渣和粉尘。

Jointing operation is the work sequence where a DTH hammer is most likely to experience contamination of cuting and various kinds olimpurities. Cover the thread end of the drill tube and make sure that it is free from cutting and dirt.

7.冲击器的合理润滑永远不能忽视,否则,会加速冲击器的磨损甚至造成破坏。特别注意冲击器的润滑雾化油油品一定要符合冲击器的性能,且用量要适当,钻杆孔壁湿润但不滴油即可。

It is important to keep the DTH hammer lubricated properly, inadequate lubrication accelerates wear and can lead to DTH hammebreakdown. Specially, the lubricant atomizing oil should match the characters of hammer, and the dosage should be proper till wall odrilling pipe is lubricant while not dropping.
8.新冲击器使用的前60小时为磨合期。磨合期内的工作负荷一般不要超过额定工作负荷的80%,以免机器长时间连续作业所引起的过热现象。

The first 60 hours of a new hammer is in its run-in period. During this period, the work load shall not exceed 80% of its rated working loadotherwise. it would result in superheat because ofcontinuously working for a long time.

9.经常检查冲击器的公螺纹和钻杆的母螺纹。螺纹连接需可靠,端面需贴死。若端面贴合不好,严禁使用。否则,易造成公螺纹断裂,当螺纹或钻杆磨损过大时需及时进行更换。

Often Check pin thread of hammer and box thread of driling pipe. Thread connection shall be firm and the joint point shall be sturdy. it isforbidden to operate if the joint point is not sturdy 0therwise, it will lead pin thread to break is suggested to replace driling pipe whetthread or drilling pipe is seriously worn.
10.经常检查后接头密封圈和逆止阀弹簧的磨损情况,并在必要及时更换。
Often check worn pattern of hole seal ring and spring of check vale, and change when necessary

11.检查钻杆的直线度和钻头的磨损情况。钻杆弯曲和钻头掉齿、崩块都会引起冲击器外套管的非正常磨损,缩短冲击器的使用寿命。外套管磨扬严重时需更换外套管。
Check straightness accuracy of dril pipe and worn pattern of bit. Dril pipe bend bit button dropping and bit crack shall cause unusua
abrasion and deduce life span of hammer should be changed when out sleeve is seriously worn
12.检查钻机管道的油水分离器,确保压气干燥,确保冲击器零部件不生锈停用前需开大油量冲击1-2分钟。打水孔时冲击器需提离孔底,并进行强吹。

Check oil water separator in the dril pipe to make sure the pressured air is and hammer parts are not rusty.lt should turn up the machinfor to 2 minutes before stopping it when drilling a water well, the

13.冲击器和钻杆使用完毕后需将冲击器的两端和钻杆两端用螺纹帽堵死,防止脏物进入。新钻杆使用前需将内孔吹干净方可使用。

mmer should be lifted out of the hole and blew strongly.Both ends of the hammer and drill pipe should be sealed off with screwi caps to prevent dirt. New drill pipe should be strongly blown beforeput into use.
14.定期更换冲击器前后接头,严禁敲打外套管壁,否则将严重损害冲击器性能。冲击器拆卸需用专门的拆卸台拆卸。

Change hammer top and hole subs regularly. t is forbidden to knock wall of external cylinder, or it wil damage the function of

hammerHammer should be discharged with professional breakout bench.
常见故障排除方法 Trouble shooting
故障(一)润滑油不够或没有润滑导致过早磨损或损坏;
Fault: Wear or scoring caused by inadequate or no lubrication.
原因:润滑油达不到冲击器的冲击结构;
Cause: Oil does not reach the impact structure of DTH hammer.
排除方法:检查润滑装置,从冲击器顶部往下注油或增大压气含油量;
Remedy: Inspect the lubrication device adjust lubricator and increase oil filling.
故障(二):冲击结构不工作或工作不正常;
Fault: impact mechanism does not operate, or work with reduced efficiency.
原因:Cause
1.气路被堵塞;Air wayis throttled or blocked.
2.活塞和气缸、外套管之间,活塞和进气座的间隙太大;
Too much clearance between piston and internal cylinder, or between piston and external cylinder, or between piston and air distributor.
3.冲击器被脏物堵死 ;The OTH hammeris dogged byimpurities.
4.活塞或钻头尾管断裂;Piston failure or foot valve failure.
排除方法:Remedy
1.检查气压,检查气路是否畅通,逆止阀是否卡死
Check air pressure Check if the air way is clear or check valve is jammed.
2.拆开冲击器,检查磨损情况,更换磨损件
Disassemble DTH hammer and inspect the wear, replace worn part ifnecessary.
3.拆开冲击器,清洗冲击器所有内部零件
Disassemble DTH hammer and clean all internal components
4.拆开冲击器,更换活塞或钻头
Disassemble DTH hammer, replace the fractured piston or set up a new bit.
冲击器的清洗检测 Hammer Cleaningand Inspection
01.用清洗剂彻底清洗拆下的全部零件,并用压气吹干。
Wash all the parts removed with detergent thoroughly and dry the parts by compressed air.
2.检修各零件的所有部位,如有磕碰划伤现象,用锉刀,刮刀等打磨修复完整,如发生有热裂纹和破损现象应更换。
Check every part, polish and repair them if there are scratching, replace the parts if there are hot crack and breakage
3.检查前接头磨损情况,当其外圆磨损到小于外套管外径应更换新的,否则会加速外套管的磨损。

Check the drive chuck, replace a new one when the outer cylinder thinner than the external cylinder diameter, otherwise, it will accelerati
the wearing of outer cylinder.

4.检查前接头花键磨损情况,用新钻头插入前接头花键中扭转,如果转动范围超过5mm应更换前接头,不及时更换会导致钻头体断裂

Check drive chuck splines, insert a new drillbit into drive chuck splines and twist drive chuck should be replaced in time ifthe rotation range is more than 5 mm, otherwise it will cause the bit body failing
5.所有部件在装配前需涂润滑油。
The parts should be coated with lubricating oil before assembly.
注:为了保证冲击器良好性能,请选用我公司原装配件Notice: Please choose our original accessories to guarantee the good performance of hammers